Schematics Free Essays

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FLAT COLOUR TELEVISION 6 2005 YA270 AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P, AV-21VA15/P CD-ROM No. SML200507 BASIC CHASSIS CW2 COLOR EXIT CLOSED CAPTION 100+ VNR ECO CINEMA SURROUND BASS RM-C1287 COPYRIGHT  © 2005 Victor Company of Japan, Limited No. YA270 2005/7 AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P, AV-21VA15/P STANDARD CIRCUIT DIAGRAM NOTE ON USING CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Schematics or any similar topic only for you Order Now SAFETY The components identified by the symbol and shading are critical for safety. For continued safety replace safety ciritical components only with manufactures recommended parts. Type No indication MM PP MPP MF TF BP TAN (3)Coils No unit Others : Original setting position when shipped : DC 20k? /V :H :V : Othters (5)Voltage values 20 µs / div 5ms / div Sweeping time is specified (4)Power Supply : B1 : 9V Respective voltage values are indicated (5)Test point : Test point (6)Connecting method : Connector : Wrapping or soldering : Only test point display : B2 (12V) : 5V : [ µH] : As specified : Ceramic capacitor : Metalized mylar capacitor : Polypropylene capacitor : Metalized polypropylene capacitor : Metalized film capacitor : Thin film capacitor : Bipolar electrolytic capacitor : Tantalum capacitor . SPECIFIED VOLTAGE AND WAVEFORM VALUES The voltage and waveform values have been measured under the following conditions. (1)Input signal (2)Setting positions of each knob/button and variable resistor (3)Internal resistance of tester (4)Oscilloscope sweeping time : Colour bar signal : All DC voltage values Since the voltage values of signal circuit vary to som e extent according to adjustments, use them as reference values. 3. INDICATION OF PARTS SYMBOL [EXAMPLE] In the PW board : R209 R209 (7)Ground symbol : LIVE side ground : ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side ground : [? : [k? ] : [M? ] : EARTH ground : DIGITAL ground : Receptacle 4. INDICATIONS ON THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1)Resistors Resistance value No unit K M Rated allowable power No indication : 1/16 [W] Others Type No indication OMR MFR MPR UNFR FR (2)Capacitors Capacitance value 1 or higher less than 1 Withstand voltage No indication Others : [pF] : [ µF] : DC50[V] : DC withstand voltage [V] : Carbon resistor : Oxide metal film resistor : Metal film resistor : Metal plate resistor : Uninflammable resistor : Fusible resistor : As specified 5. NOTE FOR REPAIRING SERVICE This model’s power circuit is partly different in the GND. The difference of the GND is shown by the LIVE : ( ) side GND and the ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) : ( ) side GND. Therefore, care must be taken for the following points. (1)Do not touch the LIVE side GND or the LIVE side GND and the ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND simultaneously. if the above caution is not respected, an electric shock may be caused. Therefore, make sure that the power cord is surely removed from the receptacle when, for example, the chassis is pulled out. 2)Do not short between the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND or never measure with a measuring apparatus measure with a measuring apparatus ( oscilloscope, etc. ) the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND at the same time. If the above precaution is not respected, a fuse or any parts will be broken. Since the circuit diagram is a standard one, the circuit and circuit constants may be subject to change for improvement wit hout any notice. NOTE Due improvement in performance, some part numbers show in the circuit diagram may not agree with those indicated in the part list. When ordering parts, please use the numbers that appear in the Parts List. Composition resistor 1/2 [W] is specified as 1/2S or Comp. AC indicated : AC withstand voltage [V] Electrolytic Capacitors 47/50[Example]: Capacitance value [ µF]/withstand voltage[V] (No. YA270)2-1 CONTENTS SEMICONDUCTOR SHAPES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-2 USING P. W. BOARD †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ -2 BLOC K DIAGRAM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (1/4), (2/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-5 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (3/4), (4/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-7 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT35/P] (1/4), (2/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. -9 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT35/P] (3/4), (4/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-11 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21VA15/P] (1/3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-13 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21VA15/P] (2/3), (3/3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-15 PATTERN DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB PATTERN [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. -17 MAIN PWB PATTERN [AV-21VA15/P] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-19 VOLTAGE CHARTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-21 WAVEFORMS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-22 SEMICONDUCTOR SHAPES TRANSISTOR BOTTOM VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW CHIP TR E C B ECB E CB (G)(D)(S) ECB E C B B E C IC BOTTOM VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW OUT E IN IN E OUT 1 N 1 N 1 N CHIP IC TOP VIEW 1 N 1 N USING P. W. BOARD P. W. BOARD ASS’Y NAME MAIN P. W. BOARD AV-21MT15/P SCW-1714A-H2 AV-21MP15/T SCW-1715A-H2 AV-21MT35/P SCW-1706A-H2 AV-21VA15/P SCW-1728A-H2 2-2(No. YA270) BLOCK DIAGRAM MAIN PWB IC701 MAIN MICRO COMPUTER/ IF VIDEO RGB SYNC DEF. PROCESS R 108,109 SCL SDA TU001 TUNER IC702 MAIN MEMORY 127,128 SCL1, SDA1 SCL0, SDA0 I2C BUS MICRO COMPUTER G B DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESS R G B IC351 RGB OUT V01 98,99 IF LED 97 REMOTE 119 KEY_IN 122 SV_DET 29, 30 SIF IN I/O PORT PEAKING SCAN VELOCITY MOD. U/V DELAY SIF DETECT VIF DETECT/AGC/AFT SOUND TRAP SKIN TONE U/V TINT SATURATION ROUT GOUT BOUT OSD SELECT 85 86 87 CRT SOCKET PWB SF101 SAW FILTER SF102 SAW FILTER 24, 25 VIF IN 79 Y J801 S-VIDEO VIDEO-1 S_VIDEO INPUT V L R J802 Y VIDEO-2 COMPONENT VIDEO INPUT CB CR J803 L R SW1 Y1 C1 CVBS1 L1 R1 80 PB 78 PR 55 V2 58 Y/V1 59 C1 VIDEO SELECT B-Y R-Y VIDEO C IDENT. Y 51 V3 COLOUR DEMOD BASE-BAND DELAY LINE R G B BASS [AV-21MT35/P] J805 BASS SPEAKER OUTPUT RGB MATRIX GAMMA V. DRIVE COMB FILTER Y DELAY ADJ. SYNC SEP. VDA,VDB 22, 23 V2/Y PB PR L2 R2 49 L1 50 R1 56 L2 57 R2 34 L3 35 R3 AUDIO SELECT H. DRIVE HOUT 67 J801 HEADPHONE SPEAKER L 20 A_L AUDIO SELECT AUDIO CONTROL A_R 60 61 9 3 OUTPUT J804 VIDEO L R V-OUT L-OUT R-OUT 48 36 37 IC601 AUDIO AMP 13 23 VOUT LOUT ROUT SPEAKER R Q983 Q984 1. 8V REG Q981 Q982 1. 8V REG 1. 8V 1 IC401 V. OUT Q522 H. OUT 5 V VIDEO-3 INPUT (FRONT) J806 VIDEO J807 AUDIO-L J808 AUDIO-R V1. 8V V3 L3 R3 REMOCON RECEIVER POWER LED D901 RECT T921 SW TRANSF. IC972 3. 3V REG IC975 5V REG IC973 12V REG H DY01 DEF YOKE 3. 3V_STB 5V 8V 12V 32V B1 T522 FBT SCREEN FOCUS TV/VIDEO VOL+ VOL- CH+ CH- MENU AC IN F901 S901 L951 POWER SW IC901 POWER REG PC901 VOLTAGE FEEDBACK IC951 ERROR AMP EHV (No. YA270)2-3 2-4(No. YA270) CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (1/4), (2/4) CN00C QGA2501F1-06 MAIN PWB ASS’Y (2/4) (FRONT LED) SCW-1714A-H2 [AV-21MT15/P] SCW-1715A-H2 [AV-21MP15/T] IC302 S9648 ECO R325 0 R326 X R322 X D303 R323 X X D807 X C807 .1 Q308 X C317 10/50 C806 100/16 R822 1K R824 470 S805 QSW0619-003Z S804 QSW0619-003Z S803 QSW0619-003Z S802 QSW0619-003Z S801 QSW0619-003Z IC801 RPM7238-H5 REMOTECON RECEIVER MAIN PWB ASS’Y(4/4) (CRT SOCKET) CN10T CN00T QJL001-065631 VIDEO-3 INPUT POWER LED (RED) D808 LH22440-T16 J806 QNN0281-003 J808 QNN0282-001 J807 QNN0281-002 R324 R328 0 R329 X R327 39K 0 J809 K801 X C825 NCB31HK-152X C826 NCB31HK-152X R817 X D814 *8 R630 270 1/2W QNS0155-001 R632 270 1/2W CN00S QGA2501C5-04Z SPEAKER R823 47 1/2W Y809 X CN10A QJL001-050600-E R762 220 R763 220 220 220 R764 R765 R627 X REMOTE PW_LED ECO_IN KEYIN R628 X LC805 QQR1199-002 B_MUTE R_AOUT L_AOUT Y_GND A_GND GND GND CN00A QJL001-050600-E R3 VDO_DET PROTECT S_REDUCE A_MUTE 4. 5/OTHER 5V ECO_IN REMOTE PW_LED SDA1 KEYIN SCL1 1. 8V PW V1. 8A 1. 8V 1. 8V S_V_DET 5V 3. 58/OTHER D341 *3 D342 *3 5V V3 L3 Y810 X R821 470 R820 330 R819 220 R818 180 R626 0 R629 0 R631 1K R633 1K C615 1000/25 C616 1000/25 R816 75 SDA1 SCL1 C1_GND D343 *3 Q341 *2 C1 R344 22 R961 1. 8K V12A S_V_DET R740 15K R788 0 D714 MA8030/H/-X D D707 *3 R794 2. 2K C792 . 1 G S L713 *4 W-A1 R755 1. 2K R750 10K 5V Q706 SSM3K02F-X D349 X R753 1. 2K D344 X D345 *3 Y1/CVBS1 Y_GND LC801 QQR1199-002 Y801 X R801 75 Y819 BW C D706 MA8036-X C777 . 1 C778 47/16 R760 100 SCL0 SDA0 R761 100 Q612 *1 R787 4. 7K R342 X 3. 3K 3. 3K 220 4. 7K *3 *3 C341 100/16 L304 X R320 X R319 X C316 X IC301 X C342 X C315 X C314 X C313 X X MC C312 X C311 X L303 X 3. V C305 X MC C310 X C309 X L302 X V2/Y V Y U PB PB_GND 0 0 R315 0 S1 1/50 22/50 C772 . 22 Q708 *2 R795 100K Q707 *1 Q705 SSM3K02F-X G .22 D Y717 QUY160-075Y 5V *3 0 Y802 X D817 *8 V1 L715 *4 C771 S R783 10K R776 15K C775 . 22 R758 3. 3K C767 VCC SDA L712 SCL WP 100 R976 1K 3. 3V_STB Q791 *1 SCL0 SDA0 C793 4. 7/50 Y791 X PW R790 1K R793 D713 MA8039/H/-X R736 100 X301 X C302 X R307 X R308 X R 310 X R311 X R321 X C318 X VDO_DET L1 R802 0 C821 NCB31HK-152X R1 R803 0 C822 NCB31HK-152X Y818 0 IC702 CH CH J801 QNZ0454-002 L1 VIDEO-1 S-VIDEO INPUT C770 . 1 D709 R745 R743 C783 R741 L714 R785 D711 C768 D712 R748 2. 7K R759 3. 3K 100 1K *4 .22 R730 0 R757 4. 7K C794 X R747 VSS R777 R771 A0 A1 A2 R739 0 R742 220 R744 220 R754 220 C303 X CH CVBSO/PIP Q307 X R318 X C776 . 1 MC R752 100 R751 100 100 R749 1K R1 R309 X R312 C304 X MC CVBSO/PIP_GND GND P_ON/OFF R984 47K R983 3. 9 1/2W R982 47K Q982 *1 R738 10K R981 3. 9 1/2W POWER SDAO S_REDUCE PROT VDO_DET A_MUTE ROTATION VER_PROTECT P25/PWM4 REMOTE SCLO SDA1 PW_LED PW_LED SCL1 TIMER TIMER ECO_IN VssC3 S_V_DET VssC1+P1 KEY_IN DecV1V8 V3. 3P VssC2 V1. 8C3 V1. 8C1 4. 5/OTHER 3. 58/OTHER P12/Int2 P00/I2SDI1 V1. 8C2 Q981 2SA562TM/Y/-T L711 *4 C766 . 22 C764 . 1 C765 100/16 L710 *4 L709 *4 R313 X V1. 8A D982 UDZS2. 0B-X VssP2 VssC4 1. 8V L701 *4 L702 *4 C701 . 22 C702 . 22 V1. 8C4 V3. 3A3 VrefP_Sdac 470/16 Q306 X Q305 X V1. 8ADC VssADC V3. 3A2 V1. 8A GndA RefAd V3. 3RefAdP 1. 8V D981 UDZS2. 0B-X R314 X Y817 0 R737 0 Q704 *1 R985 4. 7K R986 4. 7K Q984 *1 Q983 2SA562TM/Y/-T C763 . 22 C761 . 1 C762 100/16 L708 *4 C760 . 22 L707 *4 C759 100/16 R735 100 Y715 QUY160-100Y MC C306 X LC802 QQR1199-002 Y803 X D810 *8 R804 75 V2/Y_GND Y804 Y805 X X CONT PW R792 33 1/2W BL_GND PW 3. 3V_STB 8V A_VCC A_GND 5V 12V 3. V NECK H_DRIVE HFB ABL EW P_ON/OFF VDRA+ VDRBPROTECT V12A 32V TU001 QAU0353-002 TUNER K103 QQR1114-001Z L001 X K101 QQR1114-001Z L703 *4 CH VrefN_Sdac C704 C790 . 1 27p VrefP_Sdac IC701 VrefN_Sdac C705 7p CH VrefP_Sdac XtalIn XtalOut VssA1 GND RefAdN V3. 3A1 C307 MC X MC C308 X C703 LC803 QQR1199-002 Y816 X R805 75 J802 QNN0349-002 8V A_VCC A_GND 5V 5V 12V 3. 3V NECK H_DRIVE HFB ABL EW P_ON/OFF VDRA+ VDRBPROTECT V12A 4. 5/OTHER L003 QQL244J-4R7Z R317 C758 . 22 Bout R734 100 Gout K301 X Y806 X D811 *8 Y825 BW R806 75 C706 7p L717 *4 CH X701 QAX0799-001Z R756 10K ANALOG Rout C757 560p BLKIN CH BCL V5P3 Gnd3 DIGITAL R733 100 R732 1K K701 QUY160-150Y Y822 X L301 X PR PR_GND Y_GND LC804 QQR1199-002 Y807 X VIDEO-2 COMPONENT VIDEO INPUT R316 Y808 X Y824 QUY160-200Y SCL1 SDA1 NECK C823 NCB31HK-152X R2 L2 NECK CONT L718 *4 D812 *8 NECK CONT R731 1K MC C756 . 1 L706 *4 D708 *3 C785 2. 2 C707 . 1 C709 . 01 C710 6800p C708 100/16 C711 2. 2/50 C712 . 22 TF C784 X V5P1 MC R701 12K MC Ph2 Ph1 Gnd1 SecPll Dec8G EW MC VDRBMC VDRA+ R704 100 Vif1 Ysync Yin/G2/Y Yout Uout/INSSW2 J803 QNN0348-001 C755 10/50 C779 10/50 C753 . 1 C752 . 1 C751 . 1 C754 . 1 D753 *8 Y705 0 MAIN MICRO COMPUTER/TELETEXT DECODE/ IF VIDEO RGB SYNC DEF. PROCESS B3/Pb G3/Y R3/Pr INSSW3 PB GND V2/Y PR PR_GND BASS J805 X A_GND 5V C824 NCB31HK-152X C713 10/50 C714 EW . 022 MC R782 1. 2K NC R729 X D751 *8 Y706 0 Y821 QUY160-050Y 3. 58/OTHER CF101 QAX0349-001 R101 68 R005 75 C002 10/50 IF NC 32V LOCK 5V BM SDA D103 SCL AS BT AGC D104 C101 . 01 MC C111 220/16 C106 . 01 MC R702 X C715 . 001 R703 100 C716 . 001 OPEN SF102 QAX0723-001 VDRBVDRA+ C110 . 1 L101 QQL244K-1R0Z 8. 2K C780 . 1 C750 . 1 R809 0 V_OUT R808 X R807 100 1/2W C804 470/16 MC C001 . 01 Y008 0 C717 SF101 X X TF C718 . 15 R705 39K Vif2 Vsc Iref C749 . 1 Uin/B2/Pb Vin/R2/Pr V5Comb VssComb R728 Ssif/RefIn/Avl/RefOut R815 75 Q801 KTA1267/YG/-T D813 *8 J804 QNN0349-001 R104 100 L002 QQL244J-4R7Z C004 470/16 R001 220 x x R003 3. 9K R102 R107 X D101 X Q101 2SC5397/CD/-T C748 . 1 C809 X C746 . 1 100 R727 R726 27K 560 S_REDUCE OFF_MUTE R_AOUT L_AOUT BASS C003 . 1 R002 220 1. 8K 22 MC C107 X X X X GndIF Sif1 Sif2 V8AudioSwitches IfVo/FmRo/DvbO C109 0 X C747 10/50 L716 *4 L_OUT C802 10/50 R810 390 Y007 R109 R110 GND R_OUT D805 X R811 82K OUTPUT D102 C719 R706 Y003 X .01 220 Hout QssO/AmO/AudeEm MC AGC MC EHT R105 R103 Q102 X Y004 X FbiSo CVBSO/PIP Audio2InR Audio2InL C720 . 001 R707 22K DecsDem Y3/Cvbs R_OUT AgcSsif V_OUT L_OUT SifAgc HP_R HP_L Gnd2 V5P2 C005 . 0022 SVM R724 R778 LC701 X Y703 X X X R722 X Q702 X R725 X C803 10/50 D806 X R812 390 Q103 X A_R A_L PllIf NC R3 R1 R2 C4 C1 V3 MC 47/25 MC .01 V2/Y R813 82K L3 L1 L2 .01 C006 33/16 27 MC R004 27K C105 X MC MC C108 X R708 10K MC C736 . 01 C744 . 1 C739 1 C781 1 C782 1 MC C727 3300p C723 C724 C732 2. 2/50 R723 X H_DRIVE IC601 AN5277 AUDIO AMP NC L_R_MUTE B_MUTE GND_B B_OUT L_OUT ROUT GND VCC STB C103 C104 R106 C102 R108 D710 *8 X D704 *8 C741 . 1 X 1 1 HFB C745 . 1 C735 . 1 C740 . 1 5V D702 *8 C737 . 1 C738 1 U V R715 390 C729 2. 2/50 C742 10/50 Y ABL R709 1M C721 X Q803 *6 Q805 *2 Q804 *6 W-A D606 X Q611 *6 R636 0 R640 1K X R721 R720 R797 X R798 X RIN Y702 X BIN LIN NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC RF D703 *8 10/50 C730 22/50 R772 2. 2K R773 3. 9K R774 2. 2K R775 3. 9K R710 X C725 . 1 C726 10/50 C728 . 1 R711 2. 2K R712 3. 9K R713 2. 2K R714 3. 9K Y707 0 R007 X C734 L704 R786 75 R769 X R770 X CVBSO/PIP_GND C602 10/50 10K C786 L705 Y1/CVBS1 R719 CVBSO/PIP C1_GND V_OUT Y_GND R_OUT L_OUT V2/Y ABL A_L R3 R1 R2 C1 L3 8V 5V V3 L1 L2 X D S SCL1 A_R R637 5. 6K R604 10K A_R Y005 0 HP_R HP_L Q002 X R601 0 R662 X R602 0 C656 100/50 C601 10/50 R606 C604 2. 2 1/2W . 22 C603 . 22 G R618 R617 X C611 X D SDA1 C743 10/50 R717 R718 R768 100 3. 9K 2. 2K D001 X C733 R008 X G Q001 X S D602 X C605 . 22 OFF_MUTE A_MUTE B_MUTE 12V HP_R A_B A_B C655 X R605 C612 X A_VCC HP_L P_ON/OFF V12A D604 X L651 X CF702 X CF701 X C722 X R767 X D610 C662 10/50 *3 R619 X Y701 X R639 5. 6K R625 X Q701 X R607 2. 2 1/2W Q603 *6 Q604 X Q605 *6 C653 X R659 X C659 X C654 X C608 220/16 Y704 QUY160-075Y Y708 X Y709 BW Y711 QUY160-150Y Y713 X Y714 BW Y716 X Y719 0 Y720 X Y721 X C773 . 1 Y811 X Y812 X C609 33/50 R610 100K D651 X R652 X C651 X C652 R657 X X R658 X D608 x CP Q606 X MAIN PWB ASS’Y (1/4) SCW-1714A-H2 [AV-21MT15/P] SCW-1715A-H2 [AV-21MP15/T] R663 X C665 X R651 X R653 X R654 X IC651 X C660 X R664 X C657 X N D607 *3 R612 100K R613 X R614 100K R615 X R635 X D603 *3 R656 X IC651 X C607 220/16 Q601 *2 R649 1K Q602 *2 R655 X C610 220/16 N C658 X R611 10K Q609 *6 R634 0 R608 X R609 27K D609 x C661 10/50 ! CP650 ICP-N25-T Q607 *1 R623 33K R620 10K R621 2. 2K NOTE) 1. Refer to the part list for the part number of IC701 and IC702. 2. Refer to page 2-21 for voltages of this circuit diagram. 3. Refer to page 2-22 for waveforms of this circuit diagram. Y101 QUY160-075Y Y102 X Y103 X Y106 X Y107 X GND GND K102 QUY160-150Y K104 QQR1114-001Z K105 QUY160-150Y K106 QUY160-150Y K107 QUY160-150Y C112 0 GND GND R622 10K Q608 *1 C613 10/50 C617 x Y722 QUY160-150Y R616 X R624 68K GND GND Q610 X D605 X GND Y006 0 R766 X R638 X C606 . 22 5V 5V A_L CS21177 (No. YA270)2-5 2-6(No. YA270) R814 100K R006 X C731 R716 2. 2K X *4 D701 *3 3. 9K Y710 BW C614 *4 .1 .1 X MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (3/4), (4/4) P_ON/OFF PROTECT 3. 3V_STB BL_GND H_DRIVE VDRA+ A_GND A_VCC V12A VDRB- NECK HFB . 3V ABL 12V 32V 8V 5V EW PW IC351 ABL PROTECT STB TP-47G TP-47R TP-47B TDA6107AJF/N1 ! ! F901 QMF51E2-4R0-S RY901 QSK0061-002 ! PW ABL D956 *3 R963 22K HFB C966 100/16 EW VDRBVDRA+ R964 27K NECK PROTECT D957 *3 D976 X P_ON/OFF H_DRIVE P_ON/OFF HFB EW VDRBX ! R356 QRE121J-222Y CN0PW QGA7901C1-02 MAIN PWB ASS’Y(1/4) CN00T D370 150 150 150 L357 BW S901 QSW0750-001 NECK D594 X R596 X R 351 100 ! VA901 QAF0060-621 R910 X ! C910 QFZ9072-224 Q955 *1 CH D595 X Q592 X R595 X Q591 X R355 QRE121J-222Y R357 QRE121J-222Y C351 1000p ! R597 X VDRA+ R358 QRZ0107-152Z R359 QRZ0107-152Z R360 QRZ0107-152Z SG351 X ! SK351 QNZ0536-001 C352 4. 7/250 X X L355 BW LF901 QQR0673-004 IC971 X CONT D593 X L356 BW ! C353 QFKC2EK-104Z AC110V-AC240V 50Hz/60Hz R352 R353 R354 Y901 X Y902 X Y903 X Y904 X GND SUB 32V VIN PROTECT 5V R421 10K Q422 *1 Q421 *1 IC401 LA78040N PROTECT D472 X THERMAL PROTECTION PUMP UP Vcc -Vcc R473 68K C422 QCS32HJ-180Z 2. 2K SG353 X SG352 X R380 R381 D351 FR105SGT-T2 12V 5V 8V C971 D354 D355 C972 C974 X C973 X X R971 X 3. 3V_STB V. OUT D591 X R592 X D592 X R593 C592 X X D356 L971 X X L351 QQL244J-220Z R594 X C593 X VO NC CN *9 *9 *9 ! SK351 QNZ0536-001 CNDEG QGZ5004C1-02 ! 22/50 CN0E1 Y906 X Y905 X Y907 X How to cite Schematics, Papers

Positive And Negative Effects Of Imperialism In Africa Essay Example For Students

Positive And Negative Effects Of Imperialism In Africa Essay When I was first assigned this research paper on Voodoo, the first thing I thought of was Voodoo dolls, zombies, and evil magic. I think Voodoo is an evil religion which sacrifices humans as well as animals to demonic gods. I think it has been around for thousands of years, but is little left today. I believe that Voodoo is nothing but evil and the work of the devil. Voodoo originated in Western Africa by the Yoruba tribe. The Yoruba religion has about four hundred lesser gods called Orisa. This is not the actual Voodoo religion as we know it today, but plays an important role in it. Voodoo believes that the Grand Master or God rules over all things, but pays no attention to human affairs. This is why they believe in lower spirits or Loa to whom they worship and make sacrifices to(Belgum 14-28). When the slave trade started, people of the Yoruba tribe were captured and brought over as slaves. when the slaves arrived, they were baptized into the Catholic religion. The slaves continued to practice their native religion in secret which over time was mixed with Catholicism to create the Voodoo that we know today (Introduction 1). Over sixty-million people still continue to practice Voodoo worldwide (Vodun 1). The main center of Voodoo in the United States is New Orleans (3). About fifteen percent of New Orleans practices (Voodoo 1). The Voodoo religion contacts the spiritual worked Quite frequently. They believe that spirits help people in all that they do (Belgum 30-1). The Voodoo religion believes that true communion comes only through possession of the body by a Loa or spirit. Possession is very common during rituals for it is how the Loa give instructions to or help the people. They believe they get possessed for certain reasons. Such things as protection, cures from illness, or even to give warning to an individual or to the whole community of worshipers (Possession 1). When a person gets possessed, they show struggle moving and jumping around like crazy people. Then all of a sudden they go blank and motionless. They then come out of that trance a totally different person. While a person is possessed all bodily functions and gestures take the form of the Loa which possesses the body. While the Loa possesses the body it will often smoke, drink alcohol, and eat. These are all things that it is usually not capable of doing unless in a human body. They are also known to eat orwalk on fire and will show no marks on their body afterwards. The possessed person shows great strength and is known to toss things as well as people around. The possessed will have a totally different voice, facial expressions, etc. After the possession, the person has no remembrance of what happened and therefore cannot be held responsible for what they did while being possessed (Possession 1-2). Voodoo rituals play an important role in the religion. Since practicers believe that human and Loa depend upon one another, they hold many rituals to make contact with the spirits through a very special process. Rituals can be held for many different reasons. Rituals can be held to celebrate a special event in the lives of a family or a community, in bad times for guidance from the Loa, for healing of an illness or a disability, births, weddings, and deaths (Vodun 2-3). There are two different types of voodoo rituals: Rada and Petro. Both are exactly the same except for the type of Loa they are addressing and for the purpose of the ritual (Basic 1). All rituals are held at a hounfour or a temple (Belgum 37). .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .postImageUrl , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:hover , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:visited , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:active { border:0!important; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:active , .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53ad6823eaede2c5e25611e32a6c90bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bromden And His Changing Mind Essay All rituals are began by the houngan asking Legba, the Loa of the gate, to open it. After the opening, water is sprinkled throughout important places in the hounfour (Basic 1-2), especially at the center where the poteau-mitin is located. It is a pole where the people communicate with the loas and God (Vodun 3). The drum or tambula (Mysteries 1) begins to beat. A veve, or pattern of flour is made on the floor in a design of one of the Loa (Vodun 3). The Houngan

Cell Structure And Function Essays (528 words) - Cell Biology

Cell Structure And Function All living things are made of the same basic building blocks, cells. A human is made of 65 trillion cells. Cells are everywhere, on you skin, in your blood, and even on your tongue. In fact, your blood is clear but red blood cells are what make your blood red. Most living things are made up of many cells but some are made of only one cell, like amebas, paramecium, fungi, protists, monerans, and bacteria. There are two basic types of cells, animal cells and plant cells. They have some common parts found in both and other parts that are unique to each. A cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells. It is the structure that surrounds the cell and protects it. Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane. Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Cytoplasm is the thick, jelly-like substance that makes up most of the cell. Vacuoles are fluid filled sacs in the cell. The vacuoles contain stored water or food that will be used by the cell. Cells also contain other "small organs" called organelles that carryout various cell functions. And then there is the control center of the cell, the nucleus, surrounded by a protective outer covering call the nuclear membrane. The nucleus contains the DNA, or chromosomes, that carries all the instructions on how a cell will function, live, and reproduce. Every cell needs to energy to live and reproduce. Plant and animal cells obtain energy in different ways. Animals can not make their own food. They obtain energy by taking in food, water, and oxygen and converting it to sugar. Sugar is the only food a cell can eat. Plant cells can make their own food from water and sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis. Both plant and animal cells use energy from the food they obtain to reproduce. All living things produce more living things. Cell reproduction is called mitosis. Mitosis is the process of a single cell dividing in two and then two more and so on. In mitosis, the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of the parent cell divide into two daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis. In the first phase, the chromosomes are in a tangle and the nuclear membrane dissolves, or breaks apart. In the second phase, special fibers line up the chromosomal pairs. In the third phase, the fibers pull the pairs apart to opposite ends of the nucleus. In the final phase, the parent cell splits in two, creating two completely new daughter cells exactly like the parent cell. The two daughter cells will grow and eventually the process of mitosis will start again in each one. This is how all living things grow and continue. In closing, it is important to remember that all living things are made up of cells. Some have only one cell while others have very complicated systems of many cells working together. Second, plant and animal cells take in food, water, and oxygen in very different ways, but both need these substances to make the energy needed to live, grow, and reproduce. Finally, every cell passes on their DNA to future generations through the process of mitosis. The DNA, in both plant and animal cells, contains all the instructions needed for cell to grow and function.

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation The first constitution of the United States was known as the Articles of Confederation. The Articles were written in 1977, after independence from Great Britain had been declared and while the American Revolution was in progress. As a constitution, the Articles had a short life. The document was not fully ratified by the states until 1781, and it remained in effect only until 1787. Under the Articles, Congress was the sole organ of government. Also under the Articles the thirteen states had most of the power, which led into many problems. Some of the many problems were that the states taxed import and export between states, no equality in number of votes according to the population, each state can volunteer to pay taxes, and also each state can produce their own money. All these problems led many people to bankruptcy and debt, which they could not pay off. In 1786, there was an uprising in Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and stringent economic conditions.The Articles of Con ferderation, ratified in 1781. ...Shackled by war debts the government was forced to beg for concessions from each individual state. However, this was merely done on a voluntary basis. The government owed a substantial amount of money, some back-pay to members of her continental army. In a letter from Delegate Joseph Jones he writes George Washington, the "discontent of the army"‚ ¦that justice is not intended"‚ ¦in complying with the requests [for bonus and back pay]."‚  He continues that there is an "inability of Congress to pay their demands unless furnished with the means by the several states."‚  The federalists had financial impotence. The writers of these Articles failed to recognize the needs of the national government, blinded by their quest for unbridled individual liberty. In late 1782, the Congress proposed a tax, or impost, on imported goods. However, haunted by the demon they created, the...

'The Every Child Matters series of documents set out the most Essay

'The Every Child Matters series of documents set out the most important proposals for change in the field of child safeguardin - Essay Example II. Definition In an effort to meet children’s developmental needs, the UK government was prompted to consult children themselves, of things that matter to them most in order to be the basis of proposals for change. These key outcomes—being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and economic well-being are detailed in the Every Child Matters report and represent a considerable shift in focus for staff providing public services for children. (Baxter & Frederickson, 2005). In the document for Every Child Matters, Working Together to Safeguard Children (HM Government, 2006), important definitions on some constructs on hand were given: â€Å"In the Children Acts 1989 and 2004, a child is anyone who has not yet reached their 18th birthday. ‘Children’ therefore means ‘children and young people’ throughout. The fact that a child has reached 16 years of age, is living independently or is in further education, is a member of the armed forces, is in hospital, in prison or in a Young Offenders’ Institution, does not change his or her status or entitlement to services or protection under the Children Act 1989. â€Å"(HM Government, 2006, p.34) Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children is defined as â€Å"protecting children from maltreatment; preventing impairment of children’s health or development and ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care (HM Government, pp. 34-35) Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This refers to the â€Å"activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering, significant harm† (HM Government, p. 35). III. Historical context The controversial brutal death of eight-year old Victoria Climbie in the hands of people she trusted spurred an in-depth investigation that inspired the writing of the G reen Paper, otherwise known as Every Child Matters. Although her death is a tragic loss, it has awakened in the government its vigilance in the protection of children, hence, Victoria’s death was not in vain. The UK is signatory in the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child. Every five years, the UK government is required to report to the UN Commission on its progress in implementing the convention in the country. It is expected that all government departments hold responsibility to promote the convention and the five key outcomes set out in Every Child Matters namely: being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and economic well-being. This document provides the vehicle for the delivery of the convention in the country. It widens the scope of government involvement in children’s development and challenges all those involved with children to develop effective practices in promoting positive developmental outcomes for all. Inspe ctors of children’s services will be looking for evidence that â€Å"Children and young people, parents and carers are involved in identifying their needs and designing services† and â€Å"Children and young people contribute to performance management and their views are listened to† (Ofsted, 2004). IV. Important proposal for changes The Government’s response to the inquiry report and the first joint Chief Inspectors’ Report (Cm 5861) identified the key features of an effective

The Effectiveness of Different Lidocaine Combinations Research Paper

The Effectiveness of Different Lidocaine Combinations - Research Paper Example In an attempt to increase the effectiveness of lidocaine delivered through inferior alveolar nerve block, several experiments combining lidocaine with other substances have been conducted. Yet these studies have conflicting results. Nevertheless, the decision on using a particular lidocaine combination should lie on the validity and reliability of the experiments that support the use of such preparation because the effectiveness of anesthesia is very critical in delivering quality dental care. The study conducted by Kanaa et al. (2009) employed a randomized controlled double-blind cross-over research design to test the hypothesis that supplementary articaine infiltration is more effective than lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block alone. The subjects were selected from a group of volunteers aged 18 years and above â€Å"with a vital mandibular ï ¬ rst molar, ï ¬ rst or second premolar and lateral incisor† (Kanaa et al., 2009) on either side and who were able to complete the trial experiment. Those who were pregnant and unhealthy such as those with the allergy to amide local and those with bleeding and neurological disorders were excluded in the study. This resulted to a sample size consisting of 36 participants which is big enough considering that an earlier published and reviewed study indicated that this sample size had 90% power to detect a difference with a 21% success rate given a 5% signiï ¬ cance level and a 0.5 correlation between responses from the same participant (as cited in Kanaa et al., 2009). However, the subjects were predominantly from the university and some are even dental students which do not necessarily reflect the actual population. This can also result in biases since the subjects have knowledge of the procedure is done; thus, their expectations may influence the result of the study.

Challenges HR Specialist May Face Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Challenges HR Specialist May Face - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that years ago, the primary focus of a Human Resources Management (HRM) was to foster a sense of leadership, loyalty, and vision for the organization in question.   Although these core fundamentals are still a primary focus of HRM to this day, the fact of the matter is that an evolution has taken place in the way that organizations engage their HRM to differentiate and hone their advantages.   For instance, as opposed to previously, HRM currently has a high level of focus upon the social aspects of creating a positive environment, administering to the needs of the individual, and seeking to refine and hone the goals of the individual as well as that of the organization to achieve a greater degree of synergy and symbiosis. Accordingly, there has been much debate about the relationship between Human Resources (HR) practices and organizational performance. Hiltrop concluded that there existed links between HR practice to organizational per formance although the evidence was weak. Other authors have made contributions to the body of knowledge by attempting to explain the nature of this relationship. For example, Becker and Huselid proposed a causal model that suggested that HR practice impacts on employee behavior while Wright and Snell posited that HR practice impacted employee skills and behaviors. However, common to all the models proposed by the various authors, is a linearity in the relationships, for example, the model of HR and firm performance proposed by Becker. Conversely, Wright and Gardner suggested â€Å"reverse causation† which suggests that as organizations perform better, they invest more in their HR practices. Their argument seems to suggest that performance may not necessarily be driven by HR practice but is nevertheless linked to it. The same authors also proposed the â€Å"implicit theory† hypothesis which suggests that the observed relationship between HR practices and the organizatio n’s performance stems not from any true relationship but rather from the implicit theories of organizational survey respondents, i.e. to say it is due to subject bias and not true relationships.